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P25 CQPSK Linear Simulcast Modulation is P25 compliant and is referred to as LSM. Simulcast uses CQPSK modulation, however older Motorola ASTRO equipment used C4FM simulcast in a special mode called "WIDE pulse" which is not P25 compliant. Site equipment may transmit in C4FM or CQPSK. Phase I FDMA consists of C4FM modulated signal or a CQPSK modulated signal. Project 25 Phases Project 25 Phase I "FDMA"
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All radios on a Project-25 Digital trunking system must use digital voice - NO analog voice capability is provided, except via patches.P25 Phase II uses a 6000 baud, 12000bps control channel with AMBE2 vocoder at half-rate.P25 Phase I uses a 4800 baud, 9600bps control channel.Phase II(PII) is 6000 symbols per second where each symbol encodes two bits of data for a raw bit rate of 12000 bps and utilizes the AMBE vocoder. Phase I(PI) is 4800 symbols per second - where each symbol encodes two bits of data for a raw bit rate of 9600 bps. This is the Project 25 (P25) Digital voice & data trunking solution, is one that is vendor independent and designed around the Project 25 Digital Trunking standards. The Motorola ASTRO IMBE solution can allow both analog voice and P25 CAI digital voice radios to operate on the same network.The Motorola ASTRO IMBE solution uses the Motorola Type II 3600 Baud Smartzone control channel.This is a P25 non-compliant Motorola digital solution, and is also called the "ASTRO Digital CAI (Common Air Interface) Option".This is a proprietary trunking solution that uses the Project-25 vocoder as its digital voice solution on top of a standard Motorola Type II Smartnet/Smartzone system. Currently, Motorola's implementation of P25 digital data & voice is marketed as "ASTRO-25", for both older Motorola Type II and Phase I systems for two of their types of trunking solution, they utilize the P25 IMBE vocoder, with their newer AMBE or AMBE2 radios are backwards compatible with systems that use the IMBE packaging.There are Conventional and or Digital Trunk solutions, both available to use P25 Digital Voice via compatible transmitter, transceiver and/or receivers. Numerous vendors have produced Project 25 capable subscriber equipment, including EF Johnson, Motorola, M/A COM, Racal, Uniden, and others. IMBE stands for Improved Multi-Band Excitation or AMBE Advanced Multi-Band Excitation, and both were developed & licences by DVSI Inc. 1.4 Project 25 Phase II Capable ReceiversÄifferent Types of Project 25 Trunking/Modulation.1 Different Types of Project 25 Trunking/Modulation.For example, a Zetron console could be connected to a Motorola system, or a Harris console could be connected to a Tait system. The Console Subsystem Interface (CSSI) allows dispatch consoles from different manufacturers to be connected to the controller/core of other manufacturers' systems.The Inter-RF Subsystem Interface (ISSI) standard allows P25 systems from different manufacturers to be directly interconnected at the controller level, allowing seamless cross-system intercommunication, and system-to-system roaming for same-band systems.P25 Inter-RF Subsystem Interface (ISSI).Over-the-air modulation (digital audio).
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There are several "Subsystem" features defined as part of the Project 25 Standard to enhance interconnectivity & interoperability and allow equipment from various manufacturers to work together. Audio on these systems is exclusively digital using the APCO-25 Common Air Interface (P25 CAI) standard.
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Multiple vendors make and sell Project 25 systems and compliant radios. APCO Project 25 (P25) Trunked Radio Systems (TRSs) because they follow the open APCO's Project 25 Standard for Public Safety TRSs.